The LienToDeed blog
How Tax Liens Work: From Missed Tax Bill to Tax Deed
When a property owner skips a tax bill, the county places a lien on the property and sells that lien to an investor as a tax lien certificate. The inv…
Tax Lien vs. Tax Deed: Lien States, Deed States, and Everything Between
In lien states, investors buy the tax debt as a certificate and earn interest when the owner redeems. In deed states, the county auctions the property…
How Tax Deed Auctions Work: Registration, Deposits, and Buyer Beware
At a tax deed auction, the county sells the property itself to the highest bidder. You must register and post a deposit before the sale — in Florida, …
Tax Lien Interest Rates by State: What Investors Actually Earn
Tax lien rates are set by state law and bid down at auction: Florida starts at 18%, Arizona at 16%, New Jersey at 18% before switching to premium bidd…
Florida Tax Certificate Sales Explained: The Annual Lien Auction
Every spring, Florida tax collectors sell certificates on properties with unpaid taxes, on or before June 1. Investors pay the taxes owed and bid the …
Florida Tax Deed Sales Explained: Clerk-Run Auctions, All Year
Florida deed sales are run by Clerks of Court, online through RealTaxDeed, several times a month. The opening bid covers unpaid taxes, interest, and f…
What Is a Max Bid? The Valuation Discipline That Decides Tax Sale Returns
A max bid is the price you will pay for a property, set from research before the auction and never raised during it. Because properties are sold as-is…
Tax Sale Redemption Explained: Periods, Payoffs, and What It Means for Your Money
Redemption is the owner's right to stop a tax sale by paying all owed — back taxes, interest or premium, penalties, and fees. For lien holders, redemp…
Over-the-Counter Tax Liens and Deeds: The Leftovers Market, Explained
Properties and certificates that do not sell at a tax auction become available over the counter from the county at a set price, first come, first serv…
Tax Sale Surplus Funds: Where the Overbid Goes (and Why Bidders Never See It Again)
When a tax-sale property sells for more than the taxes and costs owed, the excess is surplus, held by the clerk for the former owner and eligible lien…
Beginner's Guide to Tax Lien Investing: A Start-to-Finish Checklist
Tax lien investing works like this: choose one state, learn its statute, register for its certificate sale, research the published list parcel by parc…
Tax Deed Title Problems and Quiet Title: Why Your Deed Is Not Insurable Yet
A tax deed gives you a tax title, not a warranty title — and title companies will not insure it until it is cleared. A quiet title action is a lawsuit…
How to Research a Tax Sale Property: The Due-Diligence Workflow
Researching a tax sale property means working public records: the property appraiser for what the parcel is and its assessed value, the clerk's tax de…
The Tax Sale Calendar: How Sales Are Scheduled (and Why Lists Keep Changing)
Tax sales follow statutory calendars: lien certificates sell in annual seasons (Florida by June 1, Arizona in February, Iowa third Monday in June), wh…
Tax Lien Investing for Beginners: The Step-by-Step Playbook
Tax lien investing means buying a county's tax lien certificate at a public sale: you pay the delinquent taxes, the owner owes you interest if they re…
How to Buy Tax Liens Online: A Platform-by-Platform Walkthrough
Most online tax lien sales follow one pattern: the county (or its auction platform) publishes the parcel list in advance, you register and post a depo…
Tax Lien vs. Tax Deed: Which Strategy Fits Which Investor?
Choose tax liens if you want a fixed-income-style return — state-set interest on money the owner most likely repays — with small tickets and no proper…
The Tax Sale Due Diligence Checklist: Research Every Parcel Before You Bid
Tax sale due diligence has five layers: (1) confirm the parcel is really on the current published list; (2) verify the taxes, costs and opening bid fr…
Quiet Title After a Tax Deed: What It Is, and Why Lenders and Insurers Care
A quiet title action is a lawsuit that asks a court to declare you the owner of a tax-deed property and extinguish the claims of anyone who might chal…
Surplus Funds and Excess Proceeds: The Money Left Over After a Tax Sale
Surplus funds (also called excess proceeds or overage) are the amount a tax sale brings in above the taxes, penalties, interest and costs owed. That m…
Over-the-Counter Tax Sales: How to Buy What the Auction Left Behind
Over-the-counter (OTC) tax sales sell what the auction didn't: liens and properties that received no bids are 'struck off' to the county or state, the…
Tax Lien Investing Risks: The Mistakes That Actually Cost People Money
Tax lien investing is sold as 'government-guaranteed returns,' and that framing is the first risk. The actual loss patterns are mundane: winning bids …
Tax Deed Auction Day, Step by Step: From Published List to Recorded Deed
Tax deed auction day runs on a fixed sequence: the county publishes the final list (parcels redeem up to the last moment), registered bidders with dep…
Redemption Periods and Your Money Timeline: How Long Tax Sale Capital Is Really Locked Up
The redemption period is the window during which the former owner can reclaim the property by paying everything owed — and it is the master variable o…
Texas Tax Deed Sales: How to Bid the First-Tuesday Sales
Texas sells redeemable tax deeds at sheriff/constable sales on the first Tuesday of every month. You get the deed at the sale, but the former owner ca…
Georgia Tax Deed Sales: Sheriff Sales, the 20% Premium, and Barment
Georgia sells redeemable tax deeds at sheriff/tax commissioner sales on the first Tuesday of the month, in person on courthouse steps. The buyer recei…
Illinois Tax Lien Sales: Penalty Bidding, the 2.5-Year Clock, and Sale-in-Error Risk
Illinois sells tax lien certificates at annual county sales each fall. Bidding is a penalty bid-down from a statutory maximum of 9% per six-month peri…
New Jersey Tax Lien Sales: Municipal Sales, 18% Bid-Down, and the Premium Game
New Jersey sells tax lien certificates through its 564 municipalities — each holds at least one sale a year where delinquencies exist, many in the fal…
Arizona Tax Lien Sales: February Sales, the 16% Cap, and the Maricopa Problem
Arizona sells tax lien certificates at annual county treasurer sales each February, primarily online through county RealAuction portals. Interest star…
Indiana Tax Lien Sales: Penalty Math, Zeus Auction, and the Commissioners' Second Sale
Indiana sells tax lien certificates at annual county sales each fall (mostly September–October), run largely by SRI on Zeus Auction. There is no inter…
South Carolina Tax Sales: The Tiered-Interest Redeemable Deed, Explained for Bidders
South Carolina sells redeemable deeds at annual county delinquent tax sales each fall. Bidding is premium — highest bid wins; it is NOT a bid-down int…
Ohio Tax Sales: Two Systems in One State — Certificates and Foreclosure Deeds
Ohio is a hybrid state with two distinct lanes. Counties with at least 200,000 people may sell tax lien certificates: up to 18% per annum, bid down, s…
Every Tax Lien State Ranked by Maximum Return
Iowa offers the highest statutory tax lien return in the country: a fixed 24% per year that is never bid down. Behind it sit the 18% states (Florida, …
Every Tax Deed State, Listed: How Each One Sells
Twenty-one states sell the property itself at tax deed sales, and ten more sell redeemable deeds where the owner keeps a post-sale window to buy back.…
States With No Redemption After a Tax Sale
In 12 deed states the owner's redemption right ends before or at the sale itself: Arkansas, California, Kansas, Michigan, Nevada, New Mexico, North Ca…
How Much Money Do You Need to Start Tax Lien Investing?
There is no platform minimum — the floor is set by the tax bills themselves. A single lien certificate costs exactly the delinquent taxes, penalties a…
Premium Bidding Explained: When the Winning Bid Isn't the Taxes Owed
Premium bidding means competing on price above the amount owed instead of on the interest rate. In deed sales the premium is simply the purchase price…
Tax Liens vs. Mortgage Notes: Two Different Ways to Own the Debt
A tax lien makes you the county's successor: a small, statutorily senior claim whose return (interest or penalty) is fixed by state law and whose enfo…
Tax Lien Investing in a Self-Directed IRA: The Mechanics
A self-directed IRA can own tax lien certificates and tax deeds, but the IRA — not you — is the investor: the custodian buys in the IRA's name, all mo…
When Tax Liens Die: Certificate Expiration Dates
Every tax lien certificate carries an expiration mechanism: a date or deadline after which the lien is worth nothing. Florida certificates expire 7 ye…
How Counties Publish Tax Sale Lists (and Why Investors Miss Them)
There is no national tax sale list. Each county publishes its own — as a legal advertisement, as a list on the clerk/treasurer/tax collector's site, a…
Why Tax Deed Title Is Hard to Insure — and the Quiet-Title Path
A tax deed is hard to insure because the insurer is not underwriting your deed — it is underwriting the sale that produced it: whether every owner, he…
Florida Tax Certificates and Tax Deed Sales: The Two-Step System Explained
Florida does not sell property at its annual tax sale — it sells tax certificates. Bidders compete by bidding the interest rate down from a maximum of…
Pennsylvania Tax Deed Sales: Upset, Judicial, and Repository Sales Explained
Pennsylvania is a tax deed state with a split personality. In the 65 counties under the Real Estate Tax Sale Law, the county Tax Claim Bureau runs an …
Colorado Tax Lien Sales: The Floating Rate, the Premium Trap, and the Treasurer's Deed Auction
Colorado is a tax lien state. Counties sell liens at annual treasurer's sales in the fall, typically October–November. The interest rate is not bid do…
Maryland Tax Lien Sales: County-Set Rates and High-Bid Premium, Explained
Maryland is a tax lien state where the auction works backwards from most lien states: the interest rate is fixed by the county — 6% per year by statut…
Michigan Tax Deed Sales: Buying After Foreclosure, With No Post-Sale Redemption
Michigan sells tax deeds only — no lien certificate is ever sold to a private buyer, so there is no investor interest rate. Delinquent taxes move thro…
New York Tax Sales: Deed Auctions by County, and the New York City Lien Sale Exception
New York is mixed by jurisdiction, and the mix is the whole story. Under Real Property Tax Law Article 11, the default outside New York City is a deed…
Tax Sale Deposits and Registration Deadlines: The Rules That End Bids Before They Start
Almost every tax sale requires you to register before you may bid, and most require money committed in advance: a refundable bidder deposit to qualify…
What Happens When Nobody Bids: Struck-Off Parcels and County-Held Inventory
When nobody bids on a parcel at a tax sale, the parcel is generally struck off to the taxing authority — the county or taxing units take the lien or t…
Tax Liens on Vacant Land vs. Improved Property: Same Certificate, Different Investment
The certificate looks identical either way: same sale, same rate mechanics, same redemption framework. The investment is not identical. Improved prope…
Reading a Tax Sale List Like an Underwriter: Triage, Reject Reasons, and the Short List
An underwriter does not read a tax sale list looking for properties to love. They read it looking for reasons to decline, quickly, until a small resid…
How Interest Accrues on a Tax Lien Certificate, Day by Day: The Worked Math
A tax lien certificate's interest is computed on a defined base, at a defined rate, for the time the certificate is actually outstanding — and each of…
Alabama Tax Lien and Deed Sales: Two Systems, One State
Alabama is a hybrid: each county chooses its system. Sale-of-lien counties auction tax liens with interest bid down from up to 12% per year, and the h…
Alaska Tax Deed Sales: Borough Foreclosure, Municipal Sales, and the 10-Year Repurchase Right
Alaska sells no tax lien certificates. Boroughs and cities foreclose delinquent property themselves under AS 29.45, hold it for at least one year afte…
Arkansas Tax Deed Sales: One State Seller and Final Sales Since 2023
Arkansas is a pure tax deed state with a single seller: the Commissioner of State Lands. There are no county tax sales. Parcels are certified to the s…
California Tax Deed Sales: The Five-Year Power of Sale
California sells deeds, not liens — there are no certificates for private investors. Property generally becomes subject to the tax collector's power o…
Connecticut Tax Deed Sales: 169 Towns, Six Months, 18 Percent
Connecticut sells redeemable tax deeds, not lien certificates — despite frequent 'tax lien state' labelling in other sources. Each of the state's 169 …
Delaware Tax Deed Sales: Two Methods, Two Very Different Clocks
Delaware sells redeemable deeds, but it has no single statewide rule. Under the monition method (9 Del. C. section 8729), sales are court-driven sheri…
DC Tax Lien Sales: Certificates at 18%, a One-Year Fuse
The District of Columbia is a tax lien jurisdiction — the buyer receives a certificate of sale, not a deed, despite frequent descriptions of DC as a r…
Hawaii Tax Deed Sales: A Deed That Waits a Year
Hawaii sells redeemable tax deeds at county auctions. A county may sell once the tax lien has existed for 3 years (HRS section 231-63). The buyer rece…
Idaho Tax Deed Sales: The County Deeds First, Then Auctions
Idaho sells no lien certificates. After taxes are 3 years delinquent, the county takes a tax deed to itself following a hearing (Idaho Code sections 6…
Iowa Tax Lien Sales: A Fixed 24% and the Undivided-Interest Bid
Iowa pays a fixed 2% per month — 24% per year — set by Iowa Code section 447.1, and the rate is never bid down. Instead, bidders compete by bidding do…
Kansas Tax Deed Sales: How Judicial Foreclosure Sales Work
Kansas sells no tax lien certificates to private investors. The county bids delinquent parcels in itself, waits until the parcel has remained unredeem…
Kentucky Tax Lien Sales: How Certificates of Delinquency Work
Kentucky sells tax liens as certificates of delinquency at a fixed 12% simple interest per year (1% per month) — the rate is never bid down. County cl…
Louisiana Tax Lien Sales: The New Lien System From January 1, 2026
Effective January 1, 2026, Louisiana is a true tax lien state. Under R.S. 47:2154, as amended by Act 774 of 2024, what is sold is the lien itself — a …
Maine Tax Deed Sales: How Tax-Acquired Property Is Sold
Maine sells no tax lien certificates to investors and holds no county tax deed auction. The municipality holds a tax lien mortgage itself; the owner h…
Massachusetts Tax Deed Sales: How Tax Titles Work
Massachusetts is classified as a redeemable-deed state, but it does not sell conventional lien certificates. A city or town takes or sells a tax title…
Minnesota Tax Deed Sales: How Tax-Forfeited Land Is Sold
Minnesota sells no lien certificates to private investors. Delinquent parcels are bid in for the State at the tax judgment sale (the county bids the p…
Mississippi Tax Lien Sales: How the Last-Monday-in-August Sale Works
Mississippi sells tax liens at annual county sales on the last Monday in August (municipal sales may be held the first Monday in April), commonly runn…
Missouri Tax Lien Sales: How Certificates of Purchase Work
Missouri sells tax liens as certificates of purchase at an annual county collector's sale on the fourth Monday in August (RSMo 140.170). Bidding is by…
Montana Tax Lien Sales: How Assignment From the County Works
Montana is assignment-based, not auction-based. There is generally no bidder registration, no deposit-driven auction, and no rate bidding: the county …
Nebraska Tax Lien Sales: The Fixed 14% Rate, the March Sale, and the 3-Year-6-Month Cliff
Nebraska sells tax lien certificates at an annual public sale beginning on the first Monday in March. The interest rate is fixed at 14% per year by st…
Nevada Tax Deed Sales: No Post-Sale Redemption, and the Clock That Runs Before the Sale
Nevada sells tax deeds, not lien certificates, and there is no post-sale redemption. Before the sale, after the treasurer takes property in trust, the…
New Hampshire Tax Deed Sales: A Municipal System With No Standard Investor Sale
New Hampshire does not sell tax lien certificates to investors as its standard procedure. The lien is executed to the municipality itself, redemption …
New Mexico Tax Deed Sales: State-Run Auctions, a 3-Year Wait, and No Redemption After
New Mexico is a pure tax deed state: the state sells the property itself, not a lien, so there is no statutory interest or redemption premium for a bu…
North Carolina Tax Deed Sales: Foreclosure Sales, the 10-Day Upset Bid, and No Certificates
North Carolina is a pure tax deed and foreclosure state: no lien certificate is sold to investors, so no buyer interest rate applies. Counties hold an…
North Dakota Tax Deed Sales: The County's November Sale, a Two-Year Foreclosure, and Repurchase
North Dakota has no private tax lien sale — it was eliminated in 1999. The county forecloses the tax lien instead: the auditor gives foreclosure notic…
Oklahoma Tax Deed Sales: The June Resale, Three-Plus Years Delinquent, and No Certificates Since 2008
Oklahoma is a pure tax deed (resale) state. No tax lien certificate is sold to investors — the certificate sale was repealed in 2008 — so there is no …
Oregon Tax Deed Sales: A 3-Year Wait, a 2-Year Redemption, and a County Sale After That
Oregon sells no tax lien certificates and pays no buyer interest rate. Property is subject to foreclosure after 3 years delinquent; the county foreclo…
Rhode Island Tax Deed Sales: A Redeemable Deed, the 10%-Plus-1% Penalty, and a Court Finish
Rhode Island sells a redeemable deed: the collector's deed is delivered at the sale but remains subject to redemption for at least 1 year. If the owne…
South Dakota Tax Lien Sales: How to Bid the December Certificate Sale
South Dakota sells tax lien certificates, not property. At the annual sale on the third Monday in December, investors pay the taxes owed and bid the i…
Tennessee Tax Deed Sales: How to Bid the Chancery Court Sales
Tennessee sells redeemable tax deeds, not lien certificates. After a delinquent-tax suit in Chancery Court, the land itself is sold at a price bid-up …
Utah Tax Deed Sales: How to Bid the May and June County Sales
Utah is a pure tax deed state — there are no lien certificates and no post-sale redemption. Property reaches the annual county sale, held in May or Ju…
Vermont Tax Deed Sales: How to Bid the Town Collector Sales
Vermont sells redeemable tax deeds at the town level — there is no county or statewide sale. Each town or city collector may hold a sale only after th…
Virginia Tax Deed Sales: How to Bid the Judicial and Nonjudicial Sales
Virginia is a pure tax deed state — no lien certificate is sold and there is no buyer interest rate. Land is sold through two tracks: court-supervised…
Washington Tax Deed Sales: How to Bid the County Foreclosure Sales
Washington is a tax deed state with no lien certificates for investors. After taxes are 3 years delinquent, the county treasurer files a certificate o…
West Virginia Tax Lien Sales: How to Bid the State Auditor Sales
West Virginia sells tax liens through one State Auditor-conducted sale per county each spring, but since Senate Bill 552 took effect in June 2022 the …
Wisconsin Tax Deed Sales: How to Buy County Tax-Deeded Land
Wisconsin sells no tax lien certificates to private investors. The county itself holds the tax certificate, and after generally 2 years from issuance …
Wyoming Tax Lien Sales: How the Random-Draw Certificate Sales Work
Wyoming sells tax lien certificates, but not by competitive bidding. At annual county sales, typically in July through September, purchasers are alloc…
Redemption Clocks Compared: The Shortest and Longest Windows in America
The shortest post-sale redemption windows in our dataset are 60 days (Delaware monition sales; Connecticut abandoned property), and the longest fixed …
What 'Redeemable Deed' Really Means for Buyers: All 10 Jurisdictions Compared
A redeemable deed means you win the property at auction but the former owner holds a statutory right to buy it back for a set period by repaying your …
The Post-Sale Waiting Game That Isn't: States With No Post-Sale Redemption
In deed states such as Arkansas, California, Kansas, Michigan, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Utah, Virginia, and Washington — and at Flo…
Interest That Isn't: How Bid-Down, Premium, and Flat-Penalty Structures Change the Real Yield
Headline rates describe statutes, not returns. On the same $10,000 obligation, a Florida certificate bid down to 5% and redeemed in 6 months pays the …
Certificate Lifespans: How Long a Lien Lives Before It Expires or Must Be Enforced
A certificate's lifespan is the distance between purchase and the deadline that kills it. The dataset states hard endpoints for some states — Florida …
Lien Season vs. Deed Season: The National Tax-Sale Calendar, Mapped
Tax sales cluster because budgets and statutes cluster. Lien sales concentrate in late winter through early summer (Arizona in February, Florida on or…
Deposits and Registration: Why Tax Sales Demand Money Before the Auction
Deposits exist because tax sales settle too fast for credit checks: the deposit validates your bids in real time, guarantees the winner's fast balance…
Reading the Room: Courthouse-Steps Sales vs. Online Auctions
Format is competition. The dataset's platform fields split the country: mostly in-person systems (Georgia, Texas courthouse steps, Kentucky, New Mexic…
Surplus Funds, the Second Act: How Overbids Become Someone Else's Claim
An overbid becomes surplus at the moment of sale: the tax debt is satisfied first, and the excess is held for parties in interest and the former owner…
Struck Off and Struck Again: What Happens to Properties Nobody Buys
A parcel nobody bids on is struck to the government and re-enters through a second channel: Florida county-held certificates sell over the counter at …
Alabama tax sales: season preview
Liens + tax deeds (hybrid)
Sale-of-lien counties: up to 12% per year, bid down in 1% increments to 0% (§§ 40-10-180 to 40-10-200). Sale-of-land counties: red
Arizona tax sales: season preview
Tax lien certificates
Up to 16% per year, bid down — bidding starts at 16% and the lowest rate wins (0% bids allowed); interest is simple, a fraction of
Arkansas tax sales: season preview
Tax deeds
n/a — pure tax deed state; the Commissioner of State Lands sells the parcel itself for taxes, penalties, interest and costs owed,
Colorado tax sales: season preview
Tax lien certificates
Federal discount rate (Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City) in effect Sept. 1 plus 9 percentage points, rounded to the nearest who
Connecticut tax sales: season preview
Redeemable tax deeds
18% per year on the total purchase price, from the date of sale (Conn. Gen. Stat. § 12-157(f))
Delaware tax sales: season preview
Redeemable tax deeds
Depends on the method: monition sales — 15% penalty on the purchase price (9 Del. C. § 8729); direct sales in Kent and Sussex Coun
District of Columbia tax sales: season preview
Tax lien certificates
18% per year (1.5% per month or part thereof) on the amount in the certificate of sale, exclusive of surplus (D.C. Code §§ 47-1306
Florida tax sales: season preview
Liens + tax deeds (hybrid)
18% per year maximum, bid down in 0.25% increments to 0% (Fla. Stat. § 197.172(2), § 197.432(6)); 5% mandatory minimum on redempti
Georgia tax sales: season preview
Redeemable tax deeds
20% flat redemption premium on the purchase price for the first year or fraction thereof, plus 10% for each additional year or fra
Hawaii tax sales: season preview
Redeemable tax deeds
12% per year — interest paid by the redeeming taxpayer to the purchaser on redemption (HRS §231-67); this is redemption interest o
Illinois tax sales: season preview
Tax lien certificates
Penalty bid down from a statutory maximum of 9% per 6-month period (18% annualized); the winning (lowest) penalty percentage is ap
Indiana tax sales: season preview
Tax lien certificates
Premium (overbid) auction; return is penalty-based, not a bid interest rate. On redemption the owner pays 110% of the minimum bid
Iowa tax sales: season preview
Tax lien certificates
2% per month / 24% per year, fixed by statute (Iowa Code 447.1); the rate is not bid down - bidders compete by bidding down the un
Kansas tax sales: season preview
Tax deeds
n/a - Kansas sells no lien certificates to private investors; the county bids in delinquent parcels itself and later forecloses ju
Kentucky tax sales: season preview
Tax lien certificates
12% simple interest per year (1% per month), fixed by statute — no interest-rate bidding (KRS Chapter 134; see §§ 134.490, 134.549
Louisiana tax sales: season preview
Tax lien certificates
From Jan. 1, 2026: bid down from 1% per month (12% per year, simple/non-compounding) to a floor of 0.7% per month (8.4% per year),
Maine tax sales: season preview
Tax deeds
n/a — no tax lien certificate is sold to investors, so no investor interest rate applies; delinquency interest is owed to the muni
Maryland tax sales: season preview
Tax lien certificates
County-set redemption rate: 6% per year statutory default (Md. Code, Tax-Property § 14-820), with counties fixing higher rates by
Massachusetts tax sales: season preview
Redeemable tax deeds
8% per year for tax titles taken or sold on or after Nov. 1, 2024 (M.G.L. c. 60, § 62, as amended by Ch. 140 of the Acts of 2024);
Michigan tax sales: season preview
Tax deeds
n/a - Michigan is a pure tax deed state: no lien certificate is sold to a private buyer, so there is no buyer interest rate. Inter
Minnesota tax sales: season preview
Tax deeds
n/a - Minnesota sells no lien certificates to private investors; delinquent parcels are bid in for the State and later sold as tax
Mississippi tax sales: season preview
Tax lien certificates
1.5% per month (18% per year) on the taxes and costs for which the land was sold, plus 5% damages on the amount of taxes (Miss. Co
Missouri tax sales: season preview
Tax lien certificates
Interest at the rate specified in the certificate of purchase, not to exceed 10% per annum, on the purchase money up to the delinq
Montana tax sales: season preview
Tax lien certificates
10% per year (5/6 of 1% per month) plus a 2% penalty on the delinquent amount (MCA 15-16-102)
Nebraska tax sales: season preview
Tax lien certificates
14% per annum, fixed by statute (Neb. Rev. Stat. 77-1824; interest rate set by Neb. Rev. Stat. 45-104.01), simple interest accruin
New Hampshire tax sales: season preview
Tax deeds
n/a — New Hampshire does not sell tax lien certificates to investors as its standard procedure, so no investor rate applies; redem
New Jersey tax sales: season preview
Tax lien certificates
Up to 18% per year, bid down from 18% (N.J.S.A. 54:5-32); when bidding reaches 0%, bidders compete by premium instead (see notes).
New Mexico tax sales: season preview
Tax deeds
n/a — pure tax deed state; the state sells the property itself, not a lien, so there is no statutory interest or redemption premiu
New York tax sales: season preview
Tax deeds
n/a — under RPTL Article 11 the tax district holds and forecloses its own lien, so no lien certificate is sold to investors and no
North Carolina tax sales: season preview
Tax deeds
n/a — pure tax deed / foreclosure state; no lien certificate is sold to investors, so no buyer interest rate applies
Ohio tax sales: season preview
Liens + tax deeds (hybrid)
For tax lien certificates: up to 18% per annum, bid down at auction (lowest rate wins), simple interest (ORC 5721.32(C)); subseque
Oklahoma tax sales: season preview
Tax deeds
n/a — pure tax deed (resale) state; no tax lien certificate is sold to investors (certificate sale repealed in 2008), so there is
Pennsylvania tax sales: season preview
Tax deeds
n/a — under the Real Estate Tax Sale Law no lien certificate is sold and no post-sale redemption interest is paid to the buyer; in
Rhode Island tax sales: season preview
Redeemable tax deeds
Penalty of 10% of the purchase price if redeemed within the first 6 months, plus an additional 1% of the purchase price for each s
South Carolina tax sales: season preview
Redeemable tax deeds
Tiered flat interest on the bid amount by redemption timing (§ 12-51-90(B)): 3% if redeemed in months 1-3, 6% in months 4-6, 9% in
South Dakota tax sales: season preview
Tax lien certificates
Up to 10% per year, bid down — the lowest interest rate bid wins and no bid above 10% is valid (SDCL 10-23-8)
Tennessee tax sales: season preview
Redeemable tax deeds
12% per annum on the full purchase price, accruing from the date the purchaser pays the clerk until a motion to redeem is filed (T
Texas tax sales: season preview
Redeemable tax deeds
25% redemption premium in year 1, 50% in year 2 — flat premium on the aggregate (bid + deed fee + taxes/penalties/interest/costs p
Utah tax sales: season preview
Tax deeds
n/a — pure tax deed state; the county sells the property itself at public auction for at least the taxes, penalties, interest and
Vermont tax sales: season preview
Redeemable tax deeds
12% per year (1% per month or fraction thereof) on the sum for which the land was sold, from the day of sale to redemption (32 V.S
Virginia tax sales: season preview
Tax deeds
n/a — pure tax deed state; no lien certificate is sold. Delinquent taxes themselves bear locality penalty/interest owed to the loc
West Virginia tax sales: season preview
Tax lien certificates
0% to the purchaser under current law — Senate Bill 552 (effective June 10, 2022) eliminated interest on the Auditor tax-sale purc
Wisconsin tax sales: season preview
Tax deeds
n/a - Wisconsin sells no tax lien certificates to private investors; the county itself holds the tax certificate. Delinquent amoun
Wyoming tax sales: season preview
Tax lien certificates
15% per year plus a one-time 3% penalty on the day of purchase (W.S. 39-13-108; county treasurer guidance)